Bladder tumors are common tumors in the urinary system. Most of them are urothelial carcinoma. It is more common in the lateral and posterior walls of the bladder, followed by the trigone and apex, and can occur in multiple centers. Bladder tumors can be accompanied by tumors of the renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra either sequentially or simultaneously. The etiology of bladder cancer has not yet been fully determined, and the possible reasons include: work types exposed to aromatic substances for a long time, smoking, abnormal tryptophan metabolism in the body, long-term irritation of bladder mucosa, drugs, parasitic diseases, etc.

Post stoma care measures:

1、 Closely monitor vital signs and keep records.

2、 Nursing of drainage tube:

Abdominal drainage tube

1. Function:

Timely detect changes in the condition, remove exudate from the body, reduce toxin absorption, observe for any occurrence of anastomotic bleeding at any time, and provide corresponding treatment in a timely manner.

2. Nursing:

1) Properly secure to prevent detachment.

2) Regularly squeeze the drainage tube to prevent poor drainage

3) Observe the color, nature, and amount of drainage fluid in the abdominal drainage tube to determine if internal bleeding has occurred. The abdominal drainage tube can be removed 2-3 days after surgery when the drainage fluid decreases. (Drainage fluid less than 10ml/24 hours)

3、 Dietary guidance:

After the gastrointestinal function is restored, remove the gastric tube and start eating, starting with sugar water rice soup, gradually transitioning to liquid food, semi liquid food, and finally regular food. Closely observe whether the patient has symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and intestinal obstruction after eating.

4、 Observation and nursing of common complications:

1. Ureterostomy urinary extravasation: Conventional placement of ureteral stent tube and keeping it unobstructed is recommended for 2 weeks.

2. Ureteral stoma stenosis: It is more common on the left side because the left side is relatively long and prone to ischemia. Once anastomotic stenosis occurs, endoscopic surgery can be used to solve it.

3. Narrowing or necrosis of the stoma: Almost all patients experience a reduction in the diameter of the stoma to some extent for a long time after surgery, but only a few patients experience anastomotic stenosis and require treatment, especially in adolescents or obese patients. The former have a thinner intestinal lumen, while the latter have the stoma submerged in the abdominal wall due to obesity. During the operation, the skin incision should ensure that both fingers pass through, and good distal blood circulation is the key to preventing stenosis and necrosis.